{"id":271,"date":"2024-12-02T09:11:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T09:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.novum.com.pl\/sample-page\/"},"modified":"2026-03-13T14:00:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T14:00:33","slug":"sample-page","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.novum.com.pl\/en\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"
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nOvum<\/h1>\n <\/div>\n \n
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We specialise in in vitro fertilization with over 1700 procedures performed every year. Our many years of experience as well as the treatment methods used in nOvum allow us to provide effective medical assistance in even the most difficult cases.<\/p>\n\n\n <\/div>\n \n

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About nOvum<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
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The nOvum Fertility Clinic was created in 1994 and specializes in diagnosis and treatment of infertility as well as cryopreservation of cells and tissue.<\/p>\n

nOvum\u2019s medical staff is made up of doctors representing all specialities connected to reproductive medicine: gynaecologists, obstetricians, andrologists, endocrinologists, geneticists, internists as well as embryologists, cryobiologists, biologists and analysts. Our patients have also access to psychologists, and a sexologist.<\/p>\n

We specialise in in vitro fertilization with over 1700 procedures performed every year. Our many years of experience as well as the treatment methods used in nOvum allow us to provide effective medical assistance in even the most difficult cases. We have been reporting our success rates to ESHRE (European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) since 1999 and our statistics are available on our website in accordance with ESHRE standards (see statistics).<\/p>\n

nOvum has its own sperm bank and a stem cell bank where we preserve frozen oocytes, ovarian and testicular tissue as well as embryos, for our patients.<\/p>\n

We also have our own laboratories: analysis, bacteriological, andrological, IVF, cryobiological and a genetics laboratory. There is a separate section for medical procedures.<\/p>\n

nOvum is the most often chosen partner for international clinical studies relating to reproductive medicine in Poland. It is a sign of recognition given by the medical community to the quality of the services offered at our clinic. (see more information on clinical studies currently being conducted).<\/p>\n

The high quality of medical services offered at nOvum is confirmed by the EN ISO 9001:2015 certificate in the area of \u201cInfertility diagnosis and treatment, assisted reproduction technologies\u201d.<\/p>\n

In 2012 we received the \u201eFriendly Clinic\u201d title awarded to medical centres which meet the highest standards of service. This is established during a double audit which assesses: quality of service, availability, respecting patient rights, the marketing and informational methods used, the complexity and quality of patient care, medical organization potential. The nOvum Clinic received the highest marks in all audited areas.<\/p>\n

Our patients can make use of the large and air-conditioned waiting rooms, the cafeteria and relaxation corners, the garden surrounding the clinic and a private parking lot.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

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Genetics<\/h2>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
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Genetics (from the Greek Genesis meaning origin) is the study of heredity and variety of live organisms, including humans.<\/strong><\/p>\n

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) encodes a\u00a0person\u2019s genetic information, is the basic unit of heredity and the main component of the chromosomes contained in the nucleus. Genes are fragments of DNA. We should mention here that the human genome (the entirety of an organism\u2019s genetic information) consists not only of nuclear DNA but also mitochondrial DNA, however nuclear DNA contains most of the genetic information that determines the appearance and functioning of a\u00a0person\u2019s organism. This information is inherited from the parents and passed on to their offspring.<\/p>\n

Most of the cells which form the human body have 46 chromosomes. Only reproductive cells, ovum and sperm, are haploid meaning they posses 23 chromosomes.<\/p>\n

A person\u2019s genetic material is contained in 23 pairs of chromosomes which in turn contain probably around 30 thousand genes (the number differs slightly according to the different research teams who have described the human genome). The genes are unevenly arranged. 22 pairs are the same in both sexes and each consists of chromosomes inherited from the mother and the father. The last, 23 pair, is different in men and in women and determines a\u00a0person\u2019s sex (a pair of XX chromosomes means female and XY male).<\/p>\n

Sometimes spontaneous mutations or mistakes during cell division result in irregularities in a\u00a0single gene, a\u00a0fragment or an entire chromosome. Irregularities in the number of chromosome can also happen.<\/p>\n

Science has currently identified over 10 000 disorders caused by genetic abnormalities.<\/p>\n

Genetic diagnostics is an investigation into an infertile couple\u2019s genetic material which allows us to make the correct diagnosis, assess the risk of any hereditary disorders occurring in the future, and determine whether either of the parents is a\u00a0carrier which may lead to the couple\u2019s offspring having certain birth defects.<\/p>\n

Genetic diagnosis is based on:<\/h3>\n
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  • gathering patient history regarding any current and past illnesses and the patient\u2019s family medical history (analysing the family tree)<\/li>\n
  • cytogenetic testing (karyotyping)<\/li>\n
  • molecular diagnosis (testing for mutation in individual genes).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Cytogenetic testing<\/h3>\n

    Cytogenetic testing\u00a0<\/strong>involves the assessment of the number and structure (size, translocations, inversion) of chromosomes. The analysis is conducted on material taken from around 100 cells which allows for a\u00a0comparative assessment of the chromosomes and an estimation of the percentage of abnormal chromosomes in a\u00a0person\u2019s organism. The result of this assessment is the karyotype- a\u00a0full overview of the chromosomes. The results confirm the normal structure of the chromosomes or establish which pairs show abnormalities and what these abnormalities are.\u00a0 In most cases the result is a\u00a0diagnosis of a\u00a0defect, however, sometimes, especially in the case of rare defects or inconclusive test results, the situation must be assessed by a\u00a0clinical geneticist.\u00a0nO<\/strong>vum<\/acronym>\u00a0employs a\u00a0team of experienced clinical geneticists who offer consults both for private patients and those whose treatment is being refunded. Each genetic abnormality should be assessed by a\u00a0clinical geneticist in order to determine the risk of the patient passing it on to their offspring.<\/p>\n

    The material undergoing testing is blood.<\/strong>\u00a0The test can be conducted 6 days a\u00a0week during the opening hours of\u00a0nO<\/strong>vum<\/acronym>\u2019s treatment room. The patient does not need to fast before the blood is drawn and they do not require a\u00a0doctor\u2019s referral. Patients need to wait at least one day after taking antibiotics or steroids and 4-6 weeks after a\u00a0blood transfusion before submitting to the test. Patients need to inform our staff if they have ever received a\u00a0bone marrow transplant.<\/p>\n

    Indications:<\/h3>\n
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    • a history of genetic illnesses in the patient\u2019s family,<\/li>\n
    • suspected genetic defects in the offspring based on a\u00a0clinical overview,<\/li>\n
    • preparation for IVF when the male infertility factor (under 5 million sperm per ml) is suspected, in which case molecular testing should also be performed to screen for the CFTR gene which determines the occurrence of cystic fibrosis, and for Y chromosome microdeletion.<\/li>\n
    • recurring miscarriages ( at lest 3 successive miscarriage)<\/li>\n
    • attempting a\u00a0pregnancy after giving birth to a\u00a0child with developmental issues or other genetic disorders,<\/li>\n
    • primary and secondary amenorrhea, premature menopause,<\/li>\n
    • azoospermia,<\/li>\n
    • idiopathic infertility after a\u00a0lengthy (over 2 years) treatment,<\/li>\n
    • suspicion of genetic disorders in foetus ( analysis of amniotic fluid sampled through amniocentesis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      The Cytogenetic Laboratory\u00a0<\/strong>in\u00a0nO<\/strong>vum<\/acronym>\u00a0was created in 2007. The laboratory conducts cytogenetic testing (karyotyping) through banding techniques and FISH (\u00a0fluorescent in situ hybridization<\/em>\u00a0) for both adults and children.<\/p>\n

      The analysis\u00a0<\/strong>is conducted by laboratory diagnosticians with many years of experience who have specialized in medical genetics and whose experience and academic achievements have been confirmed through their work in renowned medical centres.\u00a0 They are embers of Polish and international associations focused on diagnostic cytogenetics. The laboratory undergoes regular quality control- Labquality and CEQAS.<\/p>\n

      Single-gene molecular diagnostics<\/h3>\n

      There exist some diseases which are caused by the mutation of a\u00a0single gene. Most of these are autosomal recessive disorders which means that for the disease to develop in a\u00a0child, both its parents must be carriers. If that is the case the risk of the disease occurring in the child is 25%.<\/p>\n

      Cystic fibrosis<\/h3>\n

      One of these disorders is\u00a0cystic fibrosis<\/strong>\u00a0one of the most commonly identified genetic disorders. Cystic fibrosis affects cells in the lungs, intestines, pancreas, liver, sweat glands and reproductive organs. Due to the disrupted transport of chloride these organs begin to produce abnormally thick mucus which damages them as a\u00a0result. The main symptoms are frequent and serious infections of the respiratory system, nutritional issues, liver and pancreatic problems. The life expectancy and quality of life of people suffering from cystic fibrosis depend on the moment of diagnosis and quality of treatment. CF is a\u00a0chronic illness which means that a\u00a0patient requires the constant care of their family, is usually incapable of leading a\u00a0normal life and requires financial assistance since the treatment of CF is very expensive. There is no cure for cystic fibrosis and the disease usually results in the premature death of the patient.<\/p>\n

      Cystic fibrosis if an autosomal recessive disorder which means that two copies of the mutated gene are required for it to develop- one from the father and one from the mother.<\/p>\n

      Those with a\u00a0single mutated gene are carriers but do not suffer from CF. Usually such people are unaware of being carriers until they undergo genetic testing.<\/p>\n

      The exception are infertile men who have a\u00a0higher probability of being carriers of the CFTR gene mutation in cases of obstructive azoospermia\u00a0 (no sperm in the semen) and severe oligozoospermia (< 5 million sperm\/ml).<\/p>\n

      This is why infertile men who have been shown to have less than 5 million sperm\/ml should be tested for the mutation of the CFTR gene which causes cystic fibrosis.<\/p>\n

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      • Being a\u00a0carrier of a\u00a0genetic mutation does not lead to having a\u00a0sick child if the other parent is not a\u00a0carrier,\u00a0however the risk increases to 25% when both potential parents are carriers.<\/strong><\/li>\n
      • Around\u00a04% of all Poles (1 in 25 people,\u00a0<\/strong>~ 1 500 000 people)\u00a0are carriers of the\u00a0<\/strong>mutation of the CFTR gene which causes cystic fibrosis,<\/strong>\u00a0which means that the risk of two carriers conceiving together and\u00a0the probability of a\u00a0sick child being born are high.<\/strong><\/li>\n
      • The testing is a\u00a0very simple procedure for the patient- it only requires a\u00a0sample of their blood.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Microdeletion<\/h3>\n

        Microdeletion means that small fragments of the Y chromosome, including the DAZ gene which determines sperm production, are missing. It occurs in 10-15 % of men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia (< 5 million sperm\/ml) which is why it is often tested for during the diagnosis of an infertile couple.<\/p>\n

        Deletions may\u00a0occur in the following part of the Y chromosome: AZFa\u00a0<\/strong>(proximal),\u00a0\u00a0AZFb\u00a0<\/strong>central) or\u00a0AZFc<\/strong>\u00a0(distal).<\/p>\n

        The prognosis for the successful extraction of sperm during a\u00a0testicular biopsy depends on the placement of the mutation: AZFc bodes better that AZFa and AZFb.<\/p>\n

        Maternal blood testing<\/h3>\n

        The Harmony prenatal tests are used to assess the risk of genetic disorders occurring in the foetus, based on the analysis of the cell-free DNA in the mother\u2019s blood. The tests can be performed after the 10th<\/sup>\u00a0week of pregnancy. The tests screen for trisomy- the presence of three rather than two chromosomes in a\u00a0particular set- which leads to genetic disorders:<\/p>\n

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        • Trisomy 13 causes Patau Syndrome,<\/li>\n
        • Trisomy18 causes Edwards Syndrome Trisomy 21 causes Down Syndrome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          The detection rates of these tests are very high: 99,5% in the case of Down syndrome, 98% for Edwards syndrome and 80% for Patau syndrome. The test is 99,9% specific, which means that false positives (suggesting the presence of trisomy in a\u00a0healthy foetus) happen once in every 1000 cases.<\/p>\n

          Additional information:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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          • the tests can also determine the sex of the baby in singleton pregnancies<\/li>\n
          • the tests can be performed on twin pregnancies (without determining the sex)<\/li>\n
          • a positive result does not exclude other possible disorders<\/li>\n
          • in less then 5% of cases a\u00a0sufficient amount of foetal DNA cannot be obtained and the test cannot be conducted (this is not related to the genetic condition of the foetus).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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